The French verb ĂȘtre is one of the most important verbs you could learn in French. Ătre means âto beâ and this highly irregular French verb can be found everywhere â in simple daily conversations, idiomatic expressions, written language, and elsewhere â making it a must-learn for anyone who is starting to learn French.
Here in this article, youâll learn everything you need to know about this verb: how to use ĂȘtre and ĂȘtre conjugation tables.
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I. How to use ĂȘtre
3 main ways the French verb ĂȘtre (to be) is used
- Ătre is used with nouns, adjectives, and adverbs to describe the permanent or temporary state of being. Example: Je suis une amoureuse des animaux. (I am an animal lover.)
- It is also used to indicate possession. Example: Câest mon chien. (Itâs my dog.)
- Also to talk about someoneâs job or profession. Example: Je suis Ă©tudiant. (I am a student.)
Ătre as an auxiliary verb
- Compound tenses. Ătre is an auxiliary verb which is used with the past participle of several French verbs to form compound tenses such as the perfect or the past perfect. Example: Je suis allĂ© en France l'annĂ©e derniĂšre. (I went to France last year.)
- Passive voice. To form the passive tenses in French, ĂȘtre is used, followed by the past participle.
See also: 200 Most Common French Verbs
II. Ătre Conjugation
Since ĂȘtre is a highly irregular French verb, the conjugation can be quite tricky. It's something that you must master usually by memorizing, or with the help of audio drills.
In this part, let's review the conjugation tables for the French verb ĂȘtre.
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Ătre Conjugated in the Indicative Mood (INDICATIF)
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How to conjugate ĂȘtre in the present tense (PrĂ©sent)
| je suis | I am |
| tu es | you are |
| il/elle est | he/ she is |
| nous sommes | we are |
| vous ĂȘtes | you are |
| ils/elles sont | they are |
How to conjugate ĂȘtre in the Imparfait
| j'Ă©tais | I was being |
| tu Ă©tais | you were being |
| il/elle Ă©tait | he/she was being |
| nous Ă©tions | we were being |
| vous Ă©tiez | you all were being |
| ils/elles Ă©taient | they were being |
Futur
| je serai | I will be |
| tu seras | you will be |
| il/elle sera | he/ she will be |
| nous serons | we will be |
| vous serez | you will be |
| ils/elles seront | they will be |
How to conjugate ĂȘtre in passĂ© composĂ©
| j'ai été | I was |
| tu as été | you were |
| il/elle a été | he/ she has been |
| nous avons été | we have been |
| vous avez été | you have been |
| ils/elles ont été | they have been |
How to conjugate ĂȘtre in passĂ© simple
| je fus | I was |
| tu fus | you were |
| il/elle fut | he/ she was |
| nous fûmes | we were |
| vous fûtes | you were |
| ils/elles furent | they were |
ĂȘtre in plus-que-parfait
| j'avais été | I had been |
| tu avais été | you had been |
| il/elle avait été | he/ she had been |
| nous avions été | we had been |
| vous aviez été | you had been |
| ils/elles avaient été | they had been |
ĂȘtre in passĂ© antĂ©rieur
| j'eus été | I had been |
| tu eus été | you had been |
| il/elle eut été | he/ she had been |
| nous eûmes été | we had been |
| vous eûtes été | you had been |
| ils/elles eurent été | they had been |
ĂȘtre in futur antĂ©rieur
| j'aurai été | I will have been |
| tu auras été | you will have been |
| il/elle aura été | he/ she will have been |
| nous aurons été | we will have been |
| vous aurez été | you will have been |
| ils/elles auront été | they will have been |
Ătre in the Subjunctive Mood (SUBJONCTIF)
Présent
| que je sois | that I am |
| que tu sois | that you are |
| qu'il/elle soit | that he/ she is |
| que nous soyons | that we are |
| que vous soyez | that you are |
| qu'ils/elles soient | that they are |
Imparfait
| que je fusse | that I would be |
| que tu fusses | that you would be |
| quâil/elle/on fĂ»t | that he/she would be |
| que nous fussions | that we would be |
| que vous fussiez | that you would be |
| quâils/elles fussent | that they would be |
Passé
| que j'aie été | that I have been |
| que tu aies été | that you have been |
| qu'il/elle ait été | that he/ she have been |
| que nous ayons été | that we have been |
| que vous ayez été | that you have all been |
| qu'ils/elles aient été | that they have been |
Plus-que-parfait
| que j'eusse été | that I would have been |
| que tu eusses été | that you would have been |
| qu'il/elle eût été | that he/she would have been |
| que nous eussions été | that we would have been |
| que vous eussiez été | that you all would have been |
| qu'ils/elles eussent été | that they would have been |
Ătre in the Conditional Mood (CONDITIONNEL)
Présent
| je serais | I would be |
| tu serais | you would be |
| il/elle serait | he/she would be |
| nous serions | we would be |
| vous seriez | you would be |
| ils/elles seraient | they would be |
Passé (1Úre forme)
| j'aurais été | I would have been |
| tu aurais été | you would have been |
| il/elle aurait été | he/she would have been |
| nous aurions été | we would have been |
| vous auriez été | you would have been |
| ils/elles auraient été | they would have been |
Passé (2Úme forme)
| j'eusse été | I would have been |
| tu eusses été | you would have been |
| il/elle eût été | he/she would have been |
| nous eussions été | we would have been |
| vous eussiez été | you would have been |
| ils/elles eussent été | they would have been |
PARTICIPE
Présent
Ă©tant
Passé
PARTICIPE PASSĂ COMPOSĂ
Ătre Conjugated in the Imperative Mood (IMPĂRATIF)
Présent
Passé
Ătre in the Infinitive Mood (INFINITIF)
Présent
ĂȘtre
Passé
avoir été
III. Quick Exercise: Fill in the blanks!
1. Je ____ Français (I am French)
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2. Tu ____gentil (You are nice)
Click to reveal the answer
3. Elle ____ jolie (She is cute)
Click to reveal the answer
4. Il _____ sérieux (He is serious)
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5. Nous ____ Ă©tudiants (We are students)
Click to reveal the answer
See also: French Verbs Conjugation Quiz
IV. Conclusion
This etre conjugation tables will surely make mastering the French verb ĂȘtre easier!
Ătre is a super-charged, widely-used French verb that you should spend time getting to know along with other most commonly used verbs such as avoir, dire, ĂȘtre, faire, finir, manger, pouvoir, savoir,venir, voir, and vouloir.
But would you believe me if I say that you can master the different conjugations of these verbs without any rote memorization? All you need is a handy pack of audio drills to listen to and practice everyday.
Do you still find these etre conjugations difficult? Check out the French Verb Conjugation Course and see how you can learn French verb tenses naturally.
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Here are some FAQs about French Verb Ătre
How do you use ĂȘtre in French?
Ătre is a verb meaning âto beâ in English. Just like the verb âto be,â ĂȘtre is also an extremely versatile and irregular verb. The most basic usage of ĂȘtre is to attribute a trait or describe the state of the subject:
Je suis heureux/heureuse ! (I am happy!)
Nancy est petite. (Nancy is small.)
Nous sommes Ă la maison. (We are at home.)
Ătre is also commonly used to indicate possession, or to talk about oneâs profession:
Câest ton chat, non? (Thatâs your cat, isnât it?)
Elle est mĂ©decin. (Sheâs a doctor.)
What is the prĂ©sent conjugation for ĂȘtre?
The present tense conjugation for ĂȘtre is as follows:
Je suis (I am)
Tu es (you are)
Il/elle/on est (he/she/it is)
Nous sommes (we are)
Vous ĂȘtes (you [plural or formal] are)
Ils/elles sont (they are)
What verbs do you use ĂȘtre with?
The article has managed to discuss all conjugations for the French verb ĂȘtre. However, ĂȘtre and avoir are both very odd verbs, and can often switch places. In fact, ĂȘtre takes the place of avoir as the auxiliary verb when conjugating certain verbs to the passĂ© composĂ©.
âDr Mrs P. Vandertrampâ is a very popular tool for French language learners to memorise irregularly conjugated verbs in the past participle, or the passĂ© composĂ©. This is an acronym, so each letter represents a verb. It is known as the âHouse of Ătreâ because all of these verbs use ĂȘtre as their auxiliary. However, please note that not all verbs using ĂȘtre are included in this abbreviation.
Here is the list of Dr Mrs P. Vandertramp verbs:
Devenir (to become): devenu
Revenir (to come back): revenu
Monter (to climb): monté
Rester (to stay): resté
Sortir (to leave): sorti
Passer (to pass): passé
Venir (to come): venu
Aller (to go): allé
Naßtre (to be born): né
Descendre (to descend): descendu
Entrer (to enter): entré
Rentrer (to re-enter): rentré
Tomber (to fall): tombé
Retourner (to turn around): retourné
Arriver (to arrive/come): arrivé
Mourir (to die): mort
Partir (to leave): parti
Now here are some examples of conjugated verbs from Dr Mrs P. Vandertramp in the past participle. Remember subject-verb agreements â an extra -e for females, and an -s for multiple subjects.
subject + ĂȘtre (prĂ©sent) + Dr Mrs P Vandertramp verb (passĂ© composĂ©)
Je suis allé (I went)
Elle est tombée (She fell)
Vous ĂȘtes venu (You came)
Nous sommes entrés (We entered)
Ils sont revenus (They came back)
Thank you I enjoyed your Etre explanations.
Merci Mike
Thanks I enjoyed the lesson